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#31
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I should have added this https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galile...ite_navigation) "Tension with the United States[edit] A December 2001 letter from U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz to the Ministers of the EU states as part of the US-lobbying campaign against Galileo Galileo is intended to be an EU civilian GNSS that allows all users access to it. GPS is a US military GNSS that provides location signals that have high precision to US military users, while also providing less precise location signals to others. The GPS had the capability to block the "civilian" signals while still being able to use the "military" signal (M-band). A primary motivation for the Galileo project was the EU concern that the US could deny others access to GPS during political disagreements.[11] Since Galileo was designed to provide the highest possible precision (greater than GPS) to anyone, the US was concerned that an enemy could use Galileo signals in military strikes against the US and its allies (some weapons like missiles use GNSS systems for guidance). The frequency initially chosen for Galileo would have made it impossible for the US to block the Galileo signals without also interfering with its own GPS signals. The US did not want to lose their GNSS capability with GPS while denying enemies the use of GNSS. Some US officials became especially concerned when Chinese interest in Galileo was reported.[14] An anonymous EU official claimed that the US officials implied that they might consider shooting down Galileo satellites in the event of a major conflict in which Galileo was used in attacks against American forces.[15] The EU's stance is that Galileo is a neutral technology, available to all countries and everyone. At first, EU officials did not want to change their original plans for Galileo, but have since reached a compromise, that Galileo was to use a different frequency. This allowed the blocking or jamming of either GNSS system without affecting the other (jam Galileo without affecting GPS, or jam GPS but not Galileo), giving the US a greater advantage in conflicts in which it has the electronic warfare upper hand.[16]" Note "(jam Galileo without affecting GPS, or jam GPS but not Galileo)" From what I recall. There were two major delays a) Funding b) choosing contractors Initially the original two contenders made near identical bids. Chosing OHB and Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) solved the problem. -- SSTL - isn't that Guildford Uni? As for the US 'blocking' GNSS signals but still being able to use it themselves, surely that is a contradiction? What they would do is re-activate selective availability which makes the ground Rx 'think' it is anything up to 300m or so from it's real position. US Forces have receivers that can read extended data that is also broadcast in the data stream which gives them an accurate fix - 1m? -- Woody harrogate3 at ntlworld dot com |
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#32
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In article , Martin
wrote: [Snip] er no, it was the space science department of Surrey University at one time, hence the name Surrey Satellite Technology Limited. Surrey University is located in Guilford. Google knows Guilford University but links to Surrey University. Did it undergo a name change long ago? I've always known it as Surrey University. It's still the University of Surrey. People tend to think univerities are called after the town in which they are located. -- from KT24 in Surrey, England |
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#33
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On Thu, 04 Feb 2016 18:32:14 +0100, Martin wrote:
snip US want to be able to jam the frequency of Galileo if necessary. NEO says this is impossible. No-one said any such thing. Any signal can be jammed in a local area if you can get near enough and use enough power. The US objection was/is that they can't *control* Galileo. |
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#34
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In article ,
Martin wrote: On Thu, 04 Feb 2016 17:56:39 +0000 (GMT), charles wrote: In article , Martin wrote: [Snip] er no, it was the space science department of Surrey University at one time, hence the name Surrey Satellite Technology Limited. Surrey University is located in Guilford. Google knows Guilford University but links to Surrey University. Did it undergo a name change long ago? I've always known it as Surrey University. It's still the University of Surrey. I meant from Guilford University to Surrey University. :-) It's always been the University of Surrey - and located in Guildford. Ever since it ceased being Battersea Polytechnic. Mind you, the Wiki entry is wrong in saying that Guildford is thn County Town of Surrey, so it could be wrong about other things. too.. People tend to think univerities are called after the town in which they are located. I found it odd that Google routes Guilford University to Surrey University. -- from KT24 in Surrey, England |
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#35
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In article , Martin
wrote: On Thu, 04 Feb 2016 17:56:39 +0000 (GMT), charles wrote: In article , Martin wrote: [Snip] er no, it was the space science department of Surrey University at one time, hence the name Surrey Satellite Technology Limited. Surrey University is located in Guilford. Google knows Guilford University but links to Surrey University. Did it undergo a name change long ago? I've always known it as Surrey University. It's still the University of Surrey. I meant from Guilford University to Surrey University. :-) People tend to think univerities are called after the town in which they are located. I found it odd that Google routes Guilford University to Surrey University. That's moderately logical seeing as the University in Guildford is the University of Surrey -- from KT24 in Surrey, England |
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#36
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Martin wrote:
I found it odd that Google routes Guilford University to Surrey University At least when you ask for directions from "Guildford University" to "University of Surrey" it doesn't loop you round the ring-road. |
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#37
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On 05/02/2016 09:21, Andy Burns wrote:
Martin wrote: I found it odd that Google routes Guilford University to Surrey University At least when you ask for directions from "Guildford University" to "University of Surrey" it doesn't loop you round the ring-road. The only thing the R2 DJ Steve Wright has said that made me laugh out loud, was a letter he'd received from a listener in Guildford. "Guildford... ?" he said, "...I'm sure it'll be nice when it's finished" -- Mark Please replace invalid and invalid with gmx and net to reply. |
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#38
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"Martin" wrote in message
... On Fri, 5 Feb 2016 09:21:14 +0000, Andy Burns wrote: Martin wrote: I found it odd that Google routes Guilford University to Surrey University At least when you ask for directions from "Guildford University" to "University of Surrey" it doesn't loop you round the ring-road. LOL I've always wondered: is there any logic as to which universities are known as "The University of X" and which are known as "X University"? Or is the official "Sunday name" of *all* universities "The University of X" and the colloquial name in normal parlance "X University"? |
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#39
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"NY" wrote in message
o.uk... I've always wondered: is there any logic as to which universities are known as "The University of X" and which are known as "X University"? Or is the official "Sunday name" of *all* universities "The University of X" and the colloquial name in normal parlance "X University"? There certainly is with the WI, where the rule is that each shall be called "The X Women's Institute". With just one exception: The Womens Institute of Ugley. |
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#40
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In message , Martin
writes On Fri, 5 Feb 2016 12:51:15 -0000, "NY" wrote: "Martin" wrote in message . .. On Fri, 5 Feb 2016 09:21:14 +0000, Andy Burns wrote: Martin wrote: I found it odd that Google routes Guilford University to Surrey University At least when you ask for directions from "Guildford University" to "University of Surrey" it doesn't loop you round the ring-road. LOL I've always wondered: is there any logic as to which universities are known as "The University of X" and which are known as "X University"? Or is the official "Sunday name" of *all* universities "The University of X" and the colloquial name in normal parlance "X University"? Some towns have more than one university. Indeed. Newcastle University (Sunday name used to be 'The University of Newcastle upon Tyne') mustn't be confused with Northumbria University (Sunday name 'The University of Northumbria at Newcastle'). Oldies sometimes forgetfully refer to the former as 'King's College' - one of the colleges of the University of Durham, until it gained independence in 1963. -- Ian |
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